path: root/docs/type-checking-flow.puml

@startuml type-checking-flow
!theme plain
title Type Checking as Relation Membership Checking

participant "Karuta Program" as K
participant "Type Checker" as TC
participant "Domino" as D
database "Type Relations\n(Infinite Relations)" as TR

note over K,TR
  **Type Checking:** Check if value is member of type relation
  **Type Relations:** Primitives stored as infinite relations
  **Membership:** Erlang type check + constraint satisfaction
end note

K -> TC: insert(employee, {age: 25, name: "Alice"})
activate TC

TC -> D: check: natural[25]?
activate D
D -> TR: membership query: natural[25]
activate TR
TR -> TR: 1. Erlang type check:\n   is_integer(25) → true
TR -> TR: 2. Constraint check:\n   25 >= 0 → true
TR --> D: true (25 ∈ natural)
deactivate TR
D --> TC: member ✓
deactivate D

TC -> D: check: non_empty_string["Alice"]?
activate D
D -> TR: membership query: non_empty_string["Alice"]
activate TR
TR -> TR: 1. Check string["Alice"]:\n   is_list("Alice") ∧ all_chars → true
TR -> TR: 2. Constraint check:\n   length("Alice") > 0 → true
TR --> D: true ("Alice" ∈ non_empty_string)
deactivate TR
D --> TC: member ✓
deactivate D

TC --> K: type_check passed ✓\n{age: 25, name: "Alice"} ∈ employee
deactivate TC

== Type Check Failure Example ==

K -> TC: insert(employee, {age: -5, name: ""})
activate TC

TC -> D: check: natural[-5]?
activate D
D -> TR: membership query: natural[-5]
activate TR
TR -> TR: 1. Erlang type check:\n   is_integer(-5) → true
TR -> TR: 2. Constraint check:\n   -5 >= 0 → false ✗
TR --> D: false (-5 ∉ natural)
deactivate TR
D --> TC: not_member ✗
deactivate D

TC --> K: type_error: -5 ∉ natural\nExpected: natural[Age]\nGot: Age = -5
deactivate TC

== Composite Type Example ==

K -> TC: check: complex[(3.14, 2.71)]?
activate TC

TC -> D: check: complex[(3.14, 2.71)]?
activate D
note over D
  complex[X] :-
    X is (A, B),
    real[A], real[B].
end note

D -> TR: membership query: real[3.14]
activate TR
TR -> TR: is_float(3.14) → true
TR --> D: true (3.14 ∈ real)
deactivate TR

D -> TR: membership query: real[2.71]
activate TR
TR -> TR: is_float(2.71) → true
TR --> D: true (2.71 ∈ real)
deactivate TR

D --> TC: member ✓\n(3.14, 2.71) ∈ complex
deactivate D

TC --> K: type_check passed ✓
deactivate TC

note right of TR
  **Type Relation Storage:**
  - Primitives: infinite relations
  - Membership: predicate evaluation
  - No materialization needed
  - Lazy constraint checking

  **Example:**
  natural[X] is stored as:
  - erlang_type: integer()
  - constraint: X >= 0
  - generator: unfold(0, +1)
end note

@enduml